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The Relationship Between Sugary Beverage Consumption and Risk of Death
In recent years, many public health projects have been carried out in order to reduce the consumption of sugary drinks. Although there has been some decrease in the consumption of sugary drinks with increasingly intensive efforts; in general, sugar consumption is well above the recommended levels. Meanwhile, 100% fruit juice consumption, which is perceived as a healthy beverage option, has not been given much attention. Therefore, the study of the possible effects of fruit juices with a high content of natural sugars and drinks with a high content of sugar additives on cardiovascular health and mortality; in the light of the information to be obtained, it is necessary to make the necessary arrangements and develop a policy in the nutrition guidelines.
OBJECTIVE: In this study, the relationship between the consumption of fruit juice or sugar-added beverages alone or together with the risk of mortality was investigated.
METHOD: In this study, the information of 30,183 individuals aged 45 and over who were enrolled in the cohort study titled 'Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS)' between February 2003 and October 2007 and followed up every 6 months until 2013. used. The study analyzed data from 13,440 participants, excluding patients with known pre-existing diseases such as CAD, stroke, or diabetes, or without nutritional questionnaire data.
Proven validity and reliability of using a Special Nutrition Survey, individuals were asked about their frequency of consumption of sugary drinks and fruit juice, and then received the recommended limit according to the percentage of the total energy (TE <%5, %5-9.9 and ≥10%) and 12-personnel (about 340 g) increase servings according to hazard ratios were evaluated. In addition, the individuals followed or their relatives were called every 6 months by phone and it was questioned whether they applied to the hospital during this period or whether there was a death event.
RESULTS: The mean age of the participants (±standard deviation) was 63.6±9.1 at the beginning of the study, 59.3% of the participants were men (n=7972), 68.9% (n=9266) were of white race, 70.8% were overweight or obese (9482) individuals.
During the follow-up period of an average of 6.0±1.8 years, 1000 participants were lost for any reason, and 168 participants were lost for CAD-related reasons.
The average sugar-sweetened beverage consumption of the participants corresponded to 8.4±8.3% of the daily TE. A little more than half of this (4.4±6.8% of daily TE) was from sugar-added beverages; the rest was from 100% fruit juice (4.0±6.8% of daily TE).
Compared to the group with the lowest consumption of sugary drinks (<5% of daily TE), the group with the highest consumption of sugary drinks (≥10% of daily TE):
The hazard ratio (HR) adapted to the risk in terms of CAD mortality is 1.44 (95% CI: 0.97-2.15) and HR 1.14 (95% CI: 0.97-1.33) was found for all-cause mortality in the same group.
It was found that every 340 g (12 oz) of sugar-added drink consumed extra increases the risk of all-cause mortality adapted to the risk by 11% (HR: 1.11, 95% GA: 1.03-1.19) and similarly, it was found that every 340 g (12-oz) of fruit juice consumed in excess increased the risk of mortality due to all risk-adapted causes by 24% (HR: 1.24, 95% Cl: 1.09-1.42).
There was no significant relationship between the consumption of sugary drinks (decaffeinated drinks or 100% fruit juice) and risk-adjusted CAD mortality.
CONCLUSION: These findings showed that consumption of sugary drinks, including 100% fruit juice, was associated with all-cause mortality. Well-designed, large-scale and long-term follow-up studies are needed to more clearly demonstrate the relationship between sugary beverage consumption and CAD mortality.
Source: Collin L J, Judd S, Safford M, Vaccarino V, Welsh J A. Association of Sugary Beverage Consumption With Mortality Risk in US Adults A Secondary Analysis of Data From the REGARDS Study. JAMA Network Open. 2019;2(5):e193121. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.3121